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Forest can be defined as a large area of land covered with trees and bushes, either growing wild or planted for some purposes which serves as habitat to various kinds of animals. Forestry is the management of forest and forest resources. Silviculture is the growing and cultivation trees. Forest ecology is the scientific study of […]
METHODS OF PEST CONTROL Crop pests can be prevented or controlled through the following methods: Physical control Cultural control Biological control Chemical control PHYSICAL CONTROL This method involves physically removing or excluding pests from the crop. It can include techniques such as handpicking pests, using traps or barriers, erecting fences or nets, and employing mechanical
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ROCK A rock is any mineral material of the earth. It may be a combination of different mineral elements such as silica (silica contain silicon and oxygen). TYPES OF ROCKS Rocks can be classified into three major groups based on how they are formed and their appearances. These include Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock
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Agricultural extension is the process, system or service which assists farmers or farm people through educational procedures in improving farming methods and techniques. In other words, Agricultural extension is the process whereby the beneficial products of research are taken to the farmers and the problems of farmers taken to research institutions for solution. Agricultural
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ANIMAL FUNGAL DISEASES CONTENT Ringworm Aspergillosis FUNGAL DISEASE ANIMAL AFFECTED MODE OF TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS CONTROL/PREVENTION RINGWORM Cattle Sheep, Goat and Rabbit Contact with contaminated feeders and water troughs Lesions (injury, damage, change in texture) in the skin of the animals, irritation of the skin, loss of appetite and weight. Disinfection of pens and equipment,
ANIMAL PROTOZOAN DISEASES CONTENT Trypanosomiasis Coccidiosis Red water fever (Piroplasmosis) PROTOZOAN DISEASE ANIMAL AFFECTED MODE OF TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS CONTROL/PREVENTION TRYPANOSOMIASIS Cattle, Sheep and Goat Spread by the blood sucking Tse-tse fly which sucks blood from an infected animal and transmit the pathogen to healthy animal. Rise in body temperature, dullness in appearance, constant
FARM MACHINERY Farm machinery includes various types of machines and implements used in the farm. These include tractor, plough, harrows, cultivators, ridgers, planter, harvesters, shellers, dryer, sprayer, and incubators TRACTOR: It is a powerful and expensive multipurpose motor vehicle used for lifting or pulling farm implements. IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE TRACTOR The power takes
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Cultural practices involves all the activities carried out on the farm before, during and after planting of crops. They are grouped into: pre-planting, planting and post-planting operation. PRE-PLANTING OPERATION These are the operations done before planting. They are: Choice of site Clearing of land Stumping Ploughing Harrowing Ridging PLANTING OPERATION: These are activities
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MANAGEMENT OF RUMINANT [CATTLE] Cattle Breeds of cattle Terms used in cattle management Characteristics of cattle System of rearing cattle Feeding of cattle Management of cattle Cattle are ruminant animal (they have complex or complicated stomach structures). Cattle have hollow horns and hoofs. They are reared for meat, milk, hide and skin, manure and
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Post planting operations are the operations carried out after planting. It creates a good condition and proper maintenance for plants growth. Post planting operations include the following: Thinning Supplying Irrigation/ watering Use of manure and fertilizer Mulching Weeding Harvesting Processing Storage, etc. Thinning This is the removal of excess, weak or not well positioned seedlings
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Planting operations are the operations carried out before planting while planting is the sowing of seeds and post-posting operations include thinning, supplying, irrigation, manuring, mulching and weeding. PRE-PLANTING OPERATIONS Land clearing: this is the removal of pre-existing vegetation on the farm land. It is carried out by cutting the vegetation and grasses with cutlasses or
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DIRECT ADVERTISEMENT Direct marketing is a form of advertising which allows businesses and nonprofit organizations to communicate directly to customers through a variety of media including cell phone text messaging , email, websites, online adverts, database marketing, fliers, catalog distribution, promotional letters and targeted television, newspaper and magazine advertisements as well as outdoor advertising.
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Animal diseases refer to a range of abnormal conditions or illnesses that affect the health and well-being of animals. These conditions can be caused by various factors such as pathogens (microorganisms), environmental factors, genetics, and more. They can result in physiological and behavioural changes that impact the animal’s overall health and productivity. Causal Organisms of
Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. Advantages
MEANING OF SOIL Soil can be defined as the unconsolidated weathered materials found in the upper most layer of the earth surface on which plants grow. It provides support and nutrients for the plants. TYPES OF SOIL The three types of soil are; Sandy Soil, Clay Soil and Loamy Soil. SANDY SOIL A
This is the introduction of semen into the reproductive tract of the female by a method other than natural mating. The semen containing the spermatozoa are carefully handled,diluted and stored in freezer at a temperature of -1960C in liquid nitrogen until it is required for use. For artificial insemination to succeed, the following must be
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MALNUTRITION IN FARM ANIMALS Malnutrition is said to occur when a ration (amount of feed provided to an animal per day) does not provide all the food nutrients(carbohydrate, protein,fats and oils, vitamins, minerals, water and other feed additives) in adequate quantities. Those nutrients wanting are said to be deficient which eventually results in nutritional disease.
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FARMING PRACTICES The following farming practices have consequences or effects on the soil; BUSH BURNING This involves the setting of fire on the bushes to clear out the vegetation MERITS It releases potassium and phosphorus as ash It has some sterilizing effect on the soil It stimulate the growth of fresh grass It destroys
IRRIGATION This is the artificial application of water to soil or land for farming purposes. FACTORS THAT DETERMINES IRRIGATION SYSTEM Availability of water. Slope of the land. Soil type. Type of crop. Size of the farmland. IMPORTANCE OF IRRIGATION IN CROP PRODUCTION Irrigation softens the soil for tillage operations. It provides moisture in
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PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT CONTENT Definition of Disease Classification of animal diseases Susceptibility and resistance to disease Factors that could predispose animals to diseases LIVESTOCK DISEASES Diseases in animal means any condition in which there is deviation from normal state of health or when there is any interference with the body processes which
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