This is the prediction of the conditions of the atmosphere for a given place for a certain period. Methods of Weather Forecasting Traditional Methods – Prediction of weather based on traditional beliefs and facts. Plants shedding leaves indicates period of drought. Safari ants indicate it will rain. Migration of butterflies also indicates it will rain. […]
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The force exerted by gases in the atmosphere on some area or body on the earths surface. Measured using barometers of three types namely mercury, aneroid and Fortin Barometers How It Works Air exerts pressure on the mercury in the beaker. The height of mercury in the tube is proportional to the atmospheric pressure. The
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Direction Wind direction is determined using wind vane. How It Works As the wind blows the arrow swings. The arrow points in the opposite direction of the wind flow. The direction is read from the cardinal compass points. The arrow will point in the direction from which the wind is blowing. For instance if it
Humidity is the condition of atmosphere with reference to its water content. It’s measured with hygrometer or psychrometer which consists of wet and dry bulb thermometers kept in Stevenson screen. Dry bulb thermometer is a thermometer covered with muslin bag immersed in water while dry bulb thermometer has no muslin. How It Works When air
Duration of sunshine is measured using Campbell stokes sunshine recorder. How It Works Spherical lens focuses light on sensitized paper. The paper burns when the sun is shining. The total hours of sunshine is got by adding all the burnt sections from calibrations on the side of sensitized paper. The sensitized paper is changed every
Rain gauge is the instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall in a day. It should be made of impermeable material which can’t absorb water. How It’s Used/Works It’s taken to an open space to prevent water from dropping into the funnel. \Its sunk into the ground to prevent evaporation The funnel top is
Degree of hotness of an object or a place. It’s measured using 3 types of thermometers namely: Maximum thermometer Minimum thermometer Six’s thermometer Maximum Thermometer It’s used to measure the highest temperature reached in a day. It uses mercury. How It’s Used/Works Temperature rises causing mercury to expand. Mercury pushes the index up. When temperature
A white wooden box mounted on 4 legs used to house thermometers and hygrometers. The instruments which are found in it are: Maximum thermometer Minimum thermometer Six’s thermometer hygrometer-wet bulb and dry bulb thermometer Importance Provide shade conditions for accurate temperature recording. Ensure safety of thermometers because they are delicate. Qualifications Which Make Stevenson Screen
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Daily atmospheric conditions of a place at a particular time. Elements of Weather Temperature Humidity precipitation Precipitation Atmospheric pressure Wind Sunshine Cloud cover A Weather Station -A place where observation, measuring and recording of weather elements is done Factors to Be Taken Into Account When Sitting a Weather Station An open place where there is
a) The Atmosphere Layer of gases surrounding the earth. The earth revolves with it because it’s held onto it by gravity It’s about 330km thick. Composition of the Atmosphere a) Gases-exist as a mixture b) Smoke particles c) Dust particles d) Water vapour The structure of the Atmosphere It’s divided into 4 layers/zones namely: Troposphere
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Internal Structure of the Earth The evidence used to study the earth’s interior are mining drilling quarrying/excavation Crust/Lithosphere Outermost layer of the earth Made of soils and other loose deposits of sand The dominant rocks are granites. Extends 0-50km Has 2 layers Sial a. Also called continental crust b. Made of light coloured rocks c.
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Movement of the earth in its orbit around the sun. It’s in anticlockwise direction. The orbit of the earth’s revolution is elliptical. Takes 365 ¼ days in a year or 366 days in a leap year (every 4 years). The sun moves from the tropic of cancer to the equator and then towards tropic of
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A star with a greater gravitational pull passed near the sun. It attracted large quantities of gaseous materials from the sun. The materials split, cooled and condensed. Heavier materials collected at the centre to form the core. Less dense materials collected around the core to form the mantle. The lightest materials formed the crust The
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The time recorded in places within the same longitude. A longitude is an imaginary line running from N to S which shows how far E or W a place is from the prime meridian. Greenwich Meridian (0◦) longitude is the point of reference when calculating time. Time is gained towards the E and lost towards
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Any natural heavenly body that orbits around a planet e.g. moon for earth, tritan for Saturn and triton for Neptune. Asteroids/Planetoids Also called minor planets. Are small fragments of rocks left going around the sun when the solar system was formed Found between Mass and Jupiter Are 1500 in number They sometimes collide with each
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The Sun It’s the centre of the universe. Characteristics of Sun It’s a star. A star is a heavenly possessing its own light which it transmits. Nebula/galaxy is a cluster of stars. The earth is in a galaxy called The Milky Way. It’s made of very hot gases mainly hydrogen (70%) and helium (30%). Has
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Solar system is the group of heavenly bodies comprising the sun and the nine planets. The origin of the Solar System Theories A theory is a set of reasoned ideas intended to explain facts or events Passing Star Theory A star with a greater gravitational pull passed near the sun It attracted large quantities of
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Facilitates good relationship among nations by studying geography of other regions of the world. it’s a career subject in that it enables one to go for advanced studies in specialized fields e.g. geography teachers, meteorology, surveying etc. Enables us to appreciate other people’s way of life by learning economic activities of different communities within our
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The Meaning of Geography Scientific study of the earth as a home of man. Study of interrelationship on natural and human phenomena on the earth’s surface. Environment The surroundings All external conditions surrounding an organism which has influence over its behaviour. Environment can be divided into two: The Physical Environment: Natural physical conditions of weather,
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Mining is defined as the extraction and processing of mineral resources into finished products. Mining of Gold South Africa is the largest producer of gold in Africa, followed by Ghana, Zimbabwe and Zaire. Major mining areas include: Witwatersrand near Johannesburg (South Africa) Werksdorp and Welcom in South Africa 3. Dunkua and Tarkwa in Ghana 4.
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