Growth is defined as an irreversible increase in volume, size, and number of parts, length and weight of an organism It is an organic process which takes sometimes to accomplish. The three processes involve in growth are Cell division:- is a process by which cell increases in number and is achieved by cell division called […]
Ecology This is the study of living organisms (plants and animals) in relation to their environment. Ecology is divided into two main branches. AUTECOLOGY– is the study of an individual organism or a single species of organism and its environment. For example, the study of a single and its environment. SYNECOLOGY-is the study of the
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Autotrophic Nutrition This is the type of nutrition in which the organisms are able to manufacture their own food. Organisms which can manufacture or synthesize their own food are called autotrophs. Autotrophic nutrition is carried out by all green plants through the process of photosynthesis and by some certain bacteria through the process of chemosynthesis
ANIMAL NUTRITION (FOOD SUBSTANCES) Food is a complex energy-rich organic matter which living organism feed on to obtain nutrients and substances necessary for life. Food substances are classified to six groups (i) Carbohydrate (ii) Protein (iii) Fat and oils (iv) Mineral salts (v) Vitamins (vi) Water and roughages. Carbohydrates These are made up of carbon,
Nutrient cycle is defined as the circulation of certain nutrient such as carbon, sulphur and water in nature Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the way carbon (iv) oxide is being used from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and put back into the atmosphere by respiration and decay. The carbon cycle involves the following processes Photosynthesis,
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Nutrition is defined as the process by which living organisms obtain and utilize food material from external environment for metabolic activities such as respiration, growth, excretion and reproduction. Photosynthetic or holophytic Nutrition is defined as a process whereby green plant manufacture their own organic food from simple inorganic substances such as carbon (iv) oxide, water,
Organization of life is defined as the existence of life from a single called organisms to a multicellular organisms with complex form that perform different functions Levels of Organization 1 First level (cell): A cell which is the functional and structural unit of protoplasm bounded by a membrane is the first level of organization. It
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Classification is defined as the arrangement of living things into groups based on structural genetic and cellular organization. This is called TAXANOMY.The system of classification of living things used today is based on that introduced by Swedish naturalist named Carl Von Linne(1707-1778).His name was better known in Latin as Carolus Linnaeus.He published the classification of
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Living things are those objects that have life e.g. plant and animals. Non-living things are those objects without life or lifeless objects. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS MOVEMENT: is defined as the ability of a living organism to move its own body or part of its body from one place to another. Living things
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Science is defined as a systematic process of making enquiry about the living things and non-living things in our environment. The term Biology is coined from two Greek work bios meaning life and Logos meaning study. Therefore Biology is simply defined as study of life i.e. study of living things or Biology is defined as
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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES AND VEINS What are Arteries? Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Arteries have a thick, muscular wall, which has elastic and collagen fibres that resist the pressure of the blood flowing in them.
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Thrombosis Formation of a clot in the blood vessels is called thrombosis. Coronary thrombosis is the most common. It is caused by blockage of coronary artery which supplies blood to the heart. Blockage may be due to artery becoming fibrous or accumulation of fatty material on the artery walls. Narrow coronary artery results in less
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The heart has four chambers: Two artria (auricles) and two ventricles. The left and right sides of the heart are separated by a muscle wall (septum) so that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood does not mix. Deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body enters the heart through the vena cava . Blood enters the right
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The Circulatory System Large and complex animals have circulatory systems that consist of tubes, a transport fluid and a means of pumping the fluid. Blood is the transport fluid which contains dissolved substances and cells. The tubes are blood vessels through which dissolved substances are circulated around the body. The heart is the pumping organ
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The factors that affect transpiration are grouped into two. Environmental and Structural Factors Cuticle Environmental factors Temperature High temperature increases the internal temperature of the leaf. This in turn increases kinetic energy of water molecules which increases evaporation. High temperatures dry the air around the leaf surface maintaining a high concentration gradient. More water vapour
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These are organic compounds that are essential for proper growth, development and functioning of the body. Vitamins are required in very small quantities They are not stored and must be included in the diet Vitamins Band C are soluble in water, the rest are soluble in fat Various vitamins are used in different ways
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COMMON DENTAL DISEASES – Carries, Causes, Treatment & Periodontal Diseases Dental Carries Dental carries are the holes or cavities that are formed as acid corrodes enamel and eventually the dentine Causes This is caused by bacteria acting on the food left between teeth and on the cusp Acids are formed that eventually corrode the enamel
TYPES OF MAMMALIAN TEETH Mammals have four kinds of teeth The incisors are found at the front of the jaw They are sharp-edged and are used for biting The canines are located at the sides of the jaw They are pointed and are used for tearing and piercing The premolars are next to the canines
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ENZYMES – FULL EXPLANATION Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reaction in the body. They are all produced inside cells. Some are intracellular and they catalyse reactions within the cells. Others are extracellular and are secreted out of the cells where they work e.g. digestive enzymes Properties of Enzymes Enzymes
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NUTRITION IN ANIMALS – HETEROTROPHISM Meaning and Types of Heterotrophism This is a mode of nutrition whereby organisms feed on complex organic matter from other plants or animals All animals are heterotrophs Their mode of feeding is also said to be holozoic to distinguish it from other special types of heterotrophic nutrition namely: Saprophytism Parasitism
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