Objects that produce their own light are known as luminous objects i.e. the sun, torch lamps etc. objects that do not produce their own light are called non-luminous objects i.e. the moon. Opaque objects are those which do not allow light to pass through them. Translucent materials are those which allow light to pass through […]
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Heat is transferred in matter through the following methods: conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction This is the transfer of heat in solids. The rate of conduction depends on Amount of temperature – the higher the temperature the higher the rate of transfer. Cross-sectional area – the larger the cross-sectional area the higher the transfer. Length
Pressure is defined as the force acting normally (perpendicularly) per unit area . The SI units for pressure is newton per metre squared (N/m2). One Nm-2 is known as one Pascal (Pa). Pressure = normal force / area or pressure = thrust / area . Another unit for measuring pressure is the bar. 1 bar =
Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. Both Celsius scale (0C) and Kelvin scale (thermodynamic scale) are used to measure temperature. The Kelvin scale is also known as the absolute scale temperature and is measured from absolute zero (0 K). Expansion of solids When solids are heated they expand. The expansion
Science in our lives Scientists are people trained in science and who practice the knowledge of science. We require people in industries to work as engineers, technicians, researchers, in hospitals as doctors, nurses and technologists. Science gives us powerful ideas, instruments and methods which affect us in our daily lives. Scientific methods A laboratory is
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MOTION Types of motion: (a) random motion (b) Translational motion (c). Rotational motion (d). Oscillatory motion (e). relative motion Causes and effects of motion. Types of Motion Definition of motion: Motion by definition is a change in the position of a body with time. Motion exists in various forms and occurs in the three states
CIRCULAR MOTION 1. Meaning of circular motion Definition of terms Angular velocity ii. Tangential velocity iii. Centripetal acceleration Centripetal force v. Centrifugal force vi. Period vii. Frequency Calculations on circular motion. Meaning of circular motion Circular motion is the motion of a body around a cicle. The simplest form of circular motion is the uniform
MOTION 1. Force Types of forces. Friction and types. Calculations on friction. Advantages and disadvantages of friction. Ways of reducing friction. Force and the types, Friction and types Force can be defined as that which changes or tends to change the state of rest or uniform motion of a body. Force is a vector quantity
MEASUREMENT IN PHYSICS Measurement of area and volume Concept & measurement of time and ways of measuring time. MEASUREMENT OF VOLUME Volume of liquid objects is measured using instruments such as cylinder, burette, pipette, eureka can, etc. For regular solid objects, their volume could be determined using their mathematical formula. S/N Solid Object Formula for
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Concept of position, Concept of distance and displacement Distinction between distance and displacement. CONCEPT OF POSITION The position of an object is its location in space. It is usually expressed in relation to a reference point. To locate an object in space, a co-ordinate system is needed. It is usually a mathematical construct with co-ordinates.
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MEASUREMENT IN PHYSICS (CONT) Measurement of area and volume Concept & measurement of time and ways of measuring time. MEASUREMENT OF VOLUME Volume of liquid objects is measured using instruments such as cylinder, burette, pipette, eureka can, etc. For regular solid objects, their volume could be determined using their mathematical formula. S/N Solid Object Formula
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FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS Fundamental quantities: mass, length, time and electric charge Simple measurement of current and temperature. CONCEPT OF FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES Fundamental quantities are physical quantities whose dimensions and units are not usually derived from other physical quantities. Basically, there are three fundamental quantities in mechanics. They include: Mass Length and i) Mass: This
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Measurement of length Measurement of mass & weight MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH/DISTANCE Length is measured using the following instruments. (a). Metre Rule: A metre rule is a measuring device calibrated in centimetres (cm) with a range of 0 – 100cm. In using the metre rule, the eye must be fixed vertically on the calibration to avoid
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Definition & Importance of Physics. Aspects/Career in Physics. Branches of physics. DEFINITION OF PHYSICS The word ‘’PHYSICS’’ originates from the Greek word, ‘’PHYSIS’’, which means nature and natural characteristics. Physics as a body of scientific knowledge, deals with the study of events in the universe, both remote and immediate universe. In actual sense, physics deals
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X-rays were discovered by a German scientist named Roentgen in 1985. They can pass through most substances including soft tissues of the body but not through bones and most metals. They were named X-rays meaning ‘unknown rays’. X-ray production They are produced by modified discharge tubes called X-ray tubes. The cathode is in the form
What is cathode rays?. These are streams of electrons emitted at the cathode of an evacuated tube containing an anode and a cathode. Production of cathode rays They are produced by a set up called a discharge tube where a high voltage source usually referred to as extra high tension (EHT) supply connected across a
Sources of mains electricity Mains electricity comes from a power station and its current is the alternating current which can either be stepped up or down by a transformer. A.c is produced when a conductor is rotated in a magnetic field or when a magnetic field is rotated near a conductor. This method is known
What is a Len?. A lens is conventionally defined as a piece of glass which is used to focus or change the direction of a beam of light passing through it. They are mainly made of glass or plastic. Lens are used in making spectacles, cameras, cinema projectors, microscopes and telescopes. Types of thin lenses. A
Properties of waves Waves exhibit various properties which can be conveniently demonstrated using the ripple tank. It consists of a transparent tray filled with water and a white screen as the bottom. On top we have a source of light. A small electric motor (vibrator) is connected to cause the disturbance which produces waves. The
Energy This is the ability to do work. Forms of energy. Chemical energy: – this is found in foods, oils charcoal firewood etc. Mechanical energy:- there are two types; Potential energy – a body possesses potential energy due to its relative position or state Kinetic energy – energy possessed by a body due to its motion
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