Capital includes all man-made productive assets which are used in production. In other words, these are assets made by man to enable him to produce goods and services. Features of Capital (i) Capital is also a factor of production. (ii) Examples of capital include, hoe, cutlass, tractor, farm building, cash in hand, plough, etc. (iii) […]
Labour includes all forms of productive human efforts put into or utilized in production. It also refers to man’s mental and physical exertions generated in the process of production. Features of Labour (i) Labour is also one of the factors of production (ii) Human efforts can be intellectual or mental, manual or physical, provided it
LAND Definition: Land refers to where productive activities such as growing of crops, rearing of animals and establishment of farmstead, etc, are carried out. Features of Land (i) Land is one of the factors of production. (ii) Land is the gift of nature or a natural resource. (iii) It is immobile and a fixed factor.
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A crop is a plant which is cultivated by man for some beneficial purposes. Crops can be classified based on (i) life cycle (ii)morphology (iii) uses. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LIFE CYCLE The life cycle of a crop is the period from planting of seed to maturity of the crop. Based on life cycle, crops can
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION (CROPAND ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION) CLIMATE: This is defined as the average weather condition of a place measured over a long period of time. FACTORS OF CLIMATE: It includes rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, light, wind, pressure. Each of the factors has its own influence on agriculture. This is shown
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LAND TENURE SYSTEM IN NIGERIA Land ownership ranges from individual ownership to communal ownership. In the individual ownership system, land is held by the family who can farm on it, build on it, pledge it for money or sell it. In communal ownership system, the land belongs to the community which may be an extended
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LAND Land is man’s natural endowment (the gift of nature). It is the solid part of earth’s surface (the soil and its mineral resources) where production like farming and livestock management takes place. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND It is fixed in supply and its value rise steadily in response to increasing demand for it. The
MEANING OF AGRO-ALLIED INDUSRIES Agro-allied industries/Agro-based industries are industries which depend on agriculture for their raw materials in order to operate successfully. In other words, agro-based industries require the supply of agricultural raw materials in order to provide some finished products that are essential for human and animal consumption. EXAMPLES OF AGRO-ALLIED INDUSTRIES AND
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Science and Technology has played significant roles in the development of agriculture in Nigeria and many other countries of the world. These roles include Modern farm machinery: – The development of modern farm implement such as tractor, plough, planter, harvester, sheller to replace old simple tools such As hoe and cutlass has been made possible
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ROLES OF GOVERNMENT IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Agricultural activities are controlled or directed in one way or the other by government through their ministries of agriculture. They draw up policies and programmes, they make regulations for those concerned with agricultural development, they grant loans or credit facilities and subsidy, finance research, establish farm settlements and supply
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Inadequate Land / Land Tenure System There is problem of enough agricultural land production as a result of situation arising from the system of land. Land is communally owned in Nigeria and no person can lay sole right over the land. People who have capital find it difficult to obtain land for investment. SOLUTION (i)
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SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE Subsistence agriculture is defined as the type of agriculture which is concerned with the production of food (cultivation of crops and rearing of animals) by the farmer to feed himself and his family only. It is also known as peasant farming because it is practiced by poor farmers. It is done on a
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MEANING OF AGRICULTURE Agriculture is the art and science (or management) that deals with the cultivation of crops and the rearing of animals for man’s use. This means, it refers to all the activities involving cultivation of soil for the production of crops and livestock management to the distribution and marketing of the plant and
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FARMING PRACTICES The following farming practices have consequences or effects on the soil; BUSH BURNING This involves the setting of fire on the bushes to clear out the vegetation MERITS It releases potassium and phosphorus as ash It has some sterilizing effect on the soil It stimulate the growth of fresh grass It destroys
PLANT NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT CYCLES Plant nutrients are classified into two, these includes macronutrient and micronutrient. MACRONUTRIENTS These are mineral elements or nutrients required by crops in large quantities. Examples are: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur. MICRONUTRIENT OR TRACE ELEMENTS These are mineral elements or nutrients required by crops in small
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION These factors are grouped into three, Climatic factor Biotic factor Edaphic factor CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time. The elements of climate are: rainfall, humidity, light, temperature, drought, wind, sunlight, humidity e.t.c. RAINFALL Rainfall
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IRRIGATION This is the artificial application of water to soil or land for farming purposes. FACTORS THAT DETERMINES IRRIGATION SYSTEM Availability of water. Slope of the land. Soil type. Type of crop. Size of the farmland. IMPORTANCE OF IRRIGATION IN CROP PRODUCTION Irrigation softens the soil for tillage operations. It provides moisture in
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MEANING OF FARM SURVEYING Farm surveying is defined as the process of measuring and mapping out the position, topography, size and boundary of an area of farm land. It can also be defined as the process by which measuring of land is made on the farm. IMPORTANCE OF FARM SURVEYING It helps to determine
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FARM MACHINERY Farm machinery includes various types of machines and implements used in the farm. These include tractor, plough, harrows, cultivators, ridgers, planter, harvesters, shellers, dryer, sprayer, and incubators TRACTOR: It is a powerful and expensive multipurpose motor vehicle used for lifting or pulling farm implements. IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE TRACTOR The power takes
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The five major factors which control soil formation are: climate, parent materials, topography, biotic factors and time. CLIMATE: Climate is the average weather condition of a place over long period time. The elements of climate are: temperature, rainfall, wind and pressure. Temperature: The alternating cooling and heating of rocks results in continual expansion and contract
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