SPEECH WORK /u/ A vowel sound is made with a free flow of air through the mouth without any obstruction either by the tongue or the lips e.g /e/ is pronounced freely as in “set” /set/ Common spelling symbols of /u/ oo – wool, foot ; u – push, full; o — wolf, woman; […]
A formal letter is also known as official letter or business letter. It is the kind of letter we write to people we don’t know or are not used to. Here, the language you use must be formal/official. Examples of this kind of letter are the letter we write to commissioners, ministers, editors, etc. Features
What is an Adverb? An adverb is a word that is used to modify (to tell more about) a verb, an adjective, and another adverb. TYPES OF ADVERB Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner are ones that answer the question “how?” These adverbs show how something, such as an action, is done. In a
Identify the nouns in the following sentences No one understands why whales sometimes strand themselves. Since 1989, people in a group called Project Jonah have used an inflatable pontoon to rescue stranded whales and other marine mammals. More than two thousand marine mammals have been helped in recent times. Identifying Types of Pronouns Identify the
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Meaning of Radioactivity Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration or breaking down of the nucleus of an atom which makes it give out or emit radiation. Any element that disintegrates spontaneously and release rays us called a radioactive element Discovery of Radioactivity Radioactivity was discovered by a French physicist called Henri Becquerel in 1896. He
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Vocabulary: Astronomy The lexis and structures on the vocabulary of astronomy. Some of the words used include universe, orbits, planets, eclipse, cosmonaut, satellite, galaxies, etc. Astronomy: the Scientific study of the universe, especially of the motions, positions, sizes, composition, and behaviour of astronomical objects. Universe: the totality of all matter and energy that exists in
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Punctuation is the system of symbols that we use to separate sentences and parts of sentences, and to make their meaning clear. Each symbol is called a punctuation mark. For example (., ! – : etc) Punctuation marks can be grouped into: (i) End marks (ii) The comma (iii) The semicolon and the colon (iv)
Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter as an upper case and the remaining letters in lower case. The following are the cases when capitalization is used: (A) Abbreviations Abbreviations begin with a capital letter. (i) Titles of persons Examples: Prof. George Saitoti, Mr. Stephen Kiama Dr. Ephantus Maree,
QUESTION TAGS A question tag or a tag question is a phrase that is added at the end of a statement to turn into a question. When a speaker uses a question tag at the end of a statement, he/she is seeking for approval, confirmation or correction. Examples: Approval: I look smart today, don’t I?
Indirect speech is used to refer to a person’s words without quoting him or her exactly. It is also referred to as indirect quotation or reported speech. The original spoken words are not repeated. The exact meaning is given without repeating the speaker’s words. Example: Direct speech: The governor said, “Creating new jobs will be
Direct speech is used to give a speaker’s exact words. It is also referred to as direct quotation. Direct speech is always enclosed within quotation marks. Examples: Hemedi announced, “My aunt works in a biscuit factory ” “Creating jobs will be my first priority” the governor said. A comma always separates the quoted words from
There are five kinds of sentences classified according to their end marks and the different jobs they do: (i) Declarative sentences (ii) Interrogative sentences (iii) Exclamatory sentences (iv) Imperative sentences (v) Conditional sentences (i) Declarative sentences: A declarative sentence simply states a fact or argument without requiring either an answer or action from the reader
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A noun clause is a clause which takes the place of a noun or a noun phrase. It can be used in any way that a noun is used. That is, it can act as the subject, object, object of a preposition, or predicate noun in a sentence. Just like a noun, a noun clause
An adjectival clause acts as an adjective in a sentence, that is, it modifies a noun or a pronoun. Examples: The bushman, who knew the forest well, told us about the hidden cave. (Who knew the forest well is an adjectival clause that modifies the noun bushman). The bushman told us a legend that involved
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ADVERBIAL CLAUSES An adverbial clause is a subordinate clause which takes the place of an adverb in a sentence. Just like adverbs and adverbial phrases, adverbial clauses answer the questions where, when, how, to what extent, with what goal/result and under what conditions. In addition, an adverbial clause may tell why. Note how an adverb
A clause is a group of words that contains a verb and its subject. There are two types of clauses – main clauses and subordinate clauses. Main clauses A main clause is a clause that can stand as sentence by itself. A compound sentence contains two or more main clauses, because it is made up
Sentences can be categorized in terms of structure or in terms of purpose. (A) In terms of structure Sentences can be categorized into 3 main types: (i) Simple sentences (ii) Compound sentences (iii) Complex sentences. (i) Simple sentences A simple sentence contains a single subject and predicate. It describes only one thing, idea or question,
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Some sentences do not take objects or adverbs (or adverbial phrases) after the verbs. Instead, they take complements. A complement is the part of the sentence that gives more information about the subject (subject complement) or about the object (object complement) of the sentence. Subject complements Subject complements normally follow certain verbs like be, seem,
An object in a sentence is a word or words that complete the meaning of a sentence. It is involved in the action but does not carry it out. The object is the person or thing affected by the action described in the verb. It is always a noun or a pronoun and it always
The two fundamental parts of every English sentence are the subject and the predicate. A subject can be described as the component that performs the action described by the predicate. It tells who or what does or did the action. It may also name the topic. The predicate tells about the subject. It tells what
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