Step 1: Program Specification Program development can be divided into several stages which are shown in the diagram below Step 2: Program Design Step 6: Program Maintenance Step 4: Program Test Step 3: Program Code Step 5: Program Documentation 1. Problem Definition This stage is the formal definition of task. It […]
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An organized list of instructions that, when executed, causes the computer to behave in a predetermined manner is called a program. There are many programming languages –C, C++, Pascal, BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, and LISP are just few. These are high level programing languages. We also have low level language called assembly languages and machine language.
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I. Preliminary Study Is the first stage of system development life cycle. This is the brief investigation of the system under consideration and gives a clear picture of what actually the physical system is. In practice, the initial system study involves the preparation of a ‘System Proposal’ which list the problem definition, objectives of
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The System Development life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the process involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method),
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A presentation package is a software package used to display information in the form of slide show. It has three major functions: an editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted, a method for inserting and manipulating graphic images, and a slide show system to display content. Examples of Presentation Packages ® Microsoft PowerPoint
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TYPES OF TOOL BARS There are two types of tool bars in word processor a) Standard tool bar b) Formatting Toolbar Using the Microsoft Word steps a) Click the start button to bring start menu b) From the pull down menu click on Microsoft word Creating a New document Creating a new document is a
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Word processing is the art of using computer to type and edit text and graphics in letters, reports, term papers etc. To perform word processing you need a computer set and software called word processor. Word processor enables you to create letter, term paper, newsletter, memo etc and stores those documents electronically on a
BOOTING Booting is a process that starts operating system when the user turns on the computer. Steps in booting a Computer: Put on the switch on the main socket to supply power to the system. Switch on the voltage regulator( known as stabilizer) Switch on the UPS Switch on the monitor before the system unit
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ICT BASED GADGETS ARE THE FOLLOWING Mobile phones Computer Fax machines Automated Teller Machine Dispensing machines Point of Sales Machine-Automated Cash Register(ACR) Radio sets Television sets Mobile Phones: A mobile phone is an electronic device for making calls across a wide geographical area. It is also called cell phones or hand phone. Computer: This
As mentioned in our previous lesson some important application area of ICT are: Video Conferencing Tele conferencing Tele Presence Tele Communicating and Network Tele Computing Messaging Information Search, retrieval and archival Video Conferencing This is a technology whereby two or more people at different locations can see and hear each other at the
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The Importance of the Computer as a Tool for Data Processing The computer is a very unique electronic device and has certain features and characteristics that distinguish it from other machines. These include: Speed: Computers are very fast; they can perform tens of millions of operations per second. This is necessary for predicting weather forecasts,
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Definition of Data Processing Data processing is the process of producing meaningful information by collecting all items of data together and performing operations on them to extract information. Data processing can also be described as a series of actions or operations that convert or manipulate data into useful information. Data processing involves the systematic recording,
Generations of Computers Generation of computers is the developmental stages that the computer has gone through. There are 5 generations of computers and their accompanying innovations. First Generation – Vacuum Tubes (1940 – 1956) First generation computers were those manufactured between 1940s and 1950s. The computers used the stored program concept. First generation computers were associated
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JOHN VON NEUMANN’S MACHINE In 1945, mathematician John von Neumann undertook a study of computation that demonstrated that a computer could have a simple, fixed structure, yet be able to execute any kind of computation given properly programmed control without the need for hardware modification. Von Neumann contributed a new understanding of how practical fast
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Electro-mechanical Counting Devices JOSEPH JACQUARD’S LOOM The Jacquard machine is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé. It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804. The loom was controlled by a chain of cards, a number of punched
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Electro-mechanical Counting Devices These are counting devices that could be operated both electrically and mechanically. Electro-mechanical devices include the following: Speeding Clock Blaise Pascal machine Gottfried Leibniz Machine SPEEDING CLOCK OR CALCULATING CLOCK In 1623 and 1624, reported his design and construction of what he referred to as an arithmetical instrument that he has
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Mechanical Counting and Calculating Devices As a result of the disadvantages of the early counting devices, more advanced mechanical counting and calculating devices were invented. Some of these devices are; Abacus (Chinese) Napier’s Bone (John Napier) Slide Rule (William Oughtred) THE ABACUS The Abacus is made up of beads threaded on iron rods. The
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS: EARLY COUNTING DEVICES Definition and Examples of Early Counting Devices Early counting devices are devices that were used in the early days to perform arithmetic operations such as addition of numbers, subtraction and multiplication. These devices were used for the usual barter trade of the early days. Examples of early counting devices are fingers, toes, stones, sticks, pebbles, cowries among others.
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MODERN METHODS OF TRANSMITTING INFORMATION With modern inventions in communication, many ancient methods have been replaced with more efficient modern ways of transmitting information. These include the following: Printing Telephone Global Systems for Mobile communication (GSM) Telex Radio Television Facsimile (Fax) Satellite Internet, etc. Printing Information transmission by printing involves the production of information on
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Oral method This is one of the oldest methods of transmitting information. It is the era of our great grandfathers when information was sent to people only through the use of the mouth. Drum beating Beating the drums was a simple method of information transmission across distances. Explorers, fearfully making their way through a jungle,
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