Economics

A negotiable instruments is an instrument whose title (or ownership) on it could be transferred by delivering it to another person with or without endorsement. Examples of negotiable instruments are bills of exchange, cheques, bank drafts, bill of lading, dividend warrants, treasury bills, bank notes and coins promissory notes debentures payable to bearer, bearer bonds, […]

A private limited liability company is defined as one which by its activities restricts the rights to transfer its shares, limits the number of its shareholders from two to fifty, and prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for its shares and the name of the private liability company must end with the abbreviation

FREE MARKET ECONOMY A free market is a market in which prices of goods and services are regulated by market forces. This means that prices of commodities in a free market economy are fixed by the interaction (i.e. joint actions) of demand and supply. DETERMINATION OF PRICES IN A FREE MARKET It is possible to

COMMERCIAL BANKS A commercial bank is a financial institution which accept deposits and other valuables from the public for safe-keeping lend money to people and firms and perform other auxiliary services with the sole aim of making profit. A commercial bank is owned by private individual organizations or government. It is a limited liability company.

Capital Market- is a market for medium and long-term loans. The capital market serves the needs of industries and the commercial sectors. It comprises all institutions which are concerned with either the supply of or demand for long-term loans. The capital market provides a system by which money for investment is distributed to institutions which

CIRCULAR FLOW OF INCOME Circular flow of income shows the independence or relationship between households and business enterprise. Commodity and money flows between households and firms. It shows the flow of payments from business sector to households in exchange for labour and other productive services and the return flow of payments from households to business

MONEY MARKET Money market is a market where short term securities are traded in.  The market comprises of institutions or individuals who either have money to lend or wish to borrow on a short-term basis.   INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE MONEY MARKET Treasury Bills Treasury Certificate Bill of exchange Call money funds Treasury Bill –

Taxation– is defined as the act of imposing a compulsory levy by the government on the income of individuals, firms, and goods and services. That is, it is a compulsory payment made by each eligible citizen towards the expenditure of the country. It is a compulsory contribution imposed by a government authority on goods, individuals,

Business organization can be defined as an enterprise set up by an individual or group of individuals, government or its agencies for the main purpose of making profit and providing goods and services for the satisfaction of human wants. TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS PRIVATE ENTERPRISES: Private enterprises are the enterprises owned and managed by private

FIRM The firm is an independently administered business unit carrying out production, construction, or distribution activities. Examples of firms in Nigeria are Dangote Cement, Cadbury Nigeria Plc. PLANT This is the same as the factory. It consists of the tools, equipment, machines and buildings of a business concern. It is a business establishment or the

Population refers to the total number of people living within a geographical area or country at a particular time. FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION GROWTH There are three major factors which determine the size and rate of growth of a country’s population. These can be summarized in the following formula; r = Birth Rate – Death Rate

A population census refers to the head – count of the people. It is the process by which the number of people living in a country or a given geographical area is counted. It developed countries it is carried out by the government at regular intervals, usually every ten years. Population census provides information about

DEFINITION OF MINING Mining: is the process of getting coal, gold and other minerals from under the ground by making a deep hole or holes where these minerals are dug. That is, it is an extraction of minerals from under the ground through the process of digging deep holes into the grounds. Mining is one

NATURE OF NIGERIA ECONOMY The study of the structure of an economy is in essence the study of the ‘Anatomy’ of that economy. The structure of Nigerian economy is a system whereby the organizational framework of the economy are inter-related, logically connected through which the activities of the economy are co-ordinated or aligned. The structure

Supply may be defined as the quantity of goods and services which sellers are willing and able to offer for sale at a particular price, and at a particular period of time. Supply does not mean the entire stock of a commodity in existence or the total quantity of that commodity produced but rather it

Demand can be defined as the quantity of a commodity (goods and services) that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price and at a particular place and time. Demand is quite different from wants, need or desire. ‘Effective Demand’ in economics must meet three conditions which are: Ability to pay Willingness