Bush fallowing is a system of farming or the cultivation of one piece of land for some years before the farmer leaves the piece of land to cultivate another in order to allow the former to regain lost nutrients. Favourable Conditions Necessary for Bush Fallowing (i) Abundance of large area of farmlands. (ii) Low population […]
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Cyclone It’s a low pressure system characterised by low pressure at the centre and increases outwards. Starts in areas where air ascends from the ground to the atmosphere and descends at high altitude. It’s of two types. Tropical cyclones e.g. hurricane, typhoon and willy willies and depressions which are characterised by temperate latitudes. The movement
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Statistics – numerical figures collected systematically and arranged for a particular purpose. Statistical data-information presented inform of numbers e.g. No. of students in a school Mean daily temperature of a place Amount of milk produced daily from a farm Amount of money earned from exports annually. Statistical methods-techniques of collecting, recording, analyzing, presenting and interpreting statistical
Methods of storing information to avoid losing it. Note Taking -Writing in a note book what is being observed, answers during interviews and then notes are compiled in school or office when writing report. Filling In Questionnaires -Filling answers in questionnaires which are responses from a respondent by an interviewer or respondent himself which he/she
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Sampling is examining by taking a sample -a part representing the whole (population). Types of Sampling Random Sampling Selection of members of a group haphazardly where every item has an equal chance of being selected e.g. to select 5 students to go for a tour from a class: Class members write their names on pieces
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Examining the numerical figures in detail. Techniques of analysing Data Calculation of Percentages If in the study of a farm 10 hectares are devoted to coffee, what is the % of the area under coffee? 10/100×10% The table below shows the number of tourists who visited Kenya from various parts of the world in 2006.
Scientific study of geography using the environment as a laboratory or source of information. Types of Field Work Field Excursion Visiting an area near or far from the school to see geographical phenomena then note down and discuss later in class. Aim a) Reinforce what has been learnt in class b) Gain more geographical knowledge
Language Barrier -Inability to communicate due to the interviewer and the respondent not sharing the same language or respondents may be illiterate and thus unable to fill questionnaire. The problems are: Data may not be collected Illiterate people may give wrong answers while attempting questionnaires An interpreter may have to be engages who would be
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Process of extracting valuable minerals from the earth’s surface. Formations in Which Minerals Occur Veins and Lodes – Occurrence of minerals in crevices, cracks or faults in igneous rocks. (a) They are said to occur in veins if they occur there in small quantities. (b) Said to occur in lodes if they occur there in
Phosphates used in the manufacture of fertiliser-Tororo in Uganda and Majingu Hill in Tanzania. Limestone used in cement manufacturing-Hima in N.W Uganda, Tanga in Tanzania, Athi River and Bamburi in Kenya. Fluorspar a source of fluorine used in chemical industries-Kerio Valley in Kenya. Common salt used for consumption-Kilifi and Magadi in Kenya and L. Kitwe
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Humidity is the condition of atmosphere with reference to its water content. It’s measured with hygrometer or psychrometer which consists of wet and dry bulb thermometers kept in Stevenson screen. Dry bulb thermometer is a thermometer covered with muslin bag immersed in water while dry bulb thermometer has no muslin. How It Works When air
This is the prediction of the conditions of the atmosphere for a given place for a certain period. Methods of Weather Forecasting Traditional Methods – Prediction of weather based on traditional beliefs and facts. Plants shedding leaves indicates period of drought. Safari ants indicate it will rain. Migration of butterflies also indicates it will rain.
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Direction Wind direction is determined using wind vane. How It Works As the wind blows the arrow swings. The arrow points in the opposite direction of the wind flow. The direction is read from the cardinal compass points. The arrow will point in the direction from which the wind is blowing. For instance if it
Affects rain formation in such as way that places with high humidity are likely to experience higher rainfall than those with low humidity. Regulates the heat loss from the earth’s surface by absorbing terrestrial radiation (process in which the earth gives off heat into the atmosphere). It affects sensible temperature in that the higher the
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Relief/Topography Relief features such as mountains and hills results in the rising and cooling of moist winds to form relief rainfall. Aspect Windward slopes which are on the path of rain bearing winds receive heavier rainfall than leeward slopes which face away. Forests and Water Bodies Areas near forests and large water bodies experience higher
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Relief/Orographic/Mountain rainfall Rain experienced on the windward slopes of mountains or hills formed when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain or a hill. How it Forms Moist air is forced to rise over a hill or mountain. The temperature and air pressure decreases making it to expand. Air cools due to decreased
Factors Influencing Atmospheric Pressure Altitude: Pressure decreases with increase in altitude because the column of air becomes shorter hence it exerts less weight. Temperature: When air is heated it expands and exerts pressure over a large area resulting in reduced pressure. When it’s cooled it contracts and exerts pressure over a small area resulting in
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Are a mass of tiny droplets or ice particles formed when water vapour condenses. Three Cloud Forms Cirroform -Thin and wispy clouds composed of ice crystals. stratiform -Appear as greyish sheets covering most of the sky and are rarely broken into units. Cumuliform -Are massive rounded with a flat base and limited horizontal extent and
Distinct large parcels of air moving in one direction. Originate from areas of uniform weather and topography from where they derive their characteristics e.g. flat areas, forests, deserts, and snow covered areas. Characteristics of Air Masses A large volume of air. Covers an extensive area. Has uniform temperature and humidity. Distinct from the surrounding air.
Movement of the earth in its orbit around the sun. It’s in anticlockwise direction. The orbit of the earth’s revolution is elliptical. Takes 365 ¼ days in a year or 366 days in a leap year (every 4 years). The sun moves from the tropic of cancer to the equator and then towards tropic of
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