SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF U.N.O | ILO, W.H.O, F.A.O., UNESCO, UNICEF & I.M.F

SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF THE U.N.O

Specialized agencies are bodies that are independent and exist under the umbrella of the U.N.O. These agencies are given special assignments which help U.N.O. to achieve its aims and objectives. The activities of these specialized agencies are coordinated and supervised by the main organ of the U.N.O. called the Economic and Social Council.

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION

This agency was established 1919 by the League of Nations with headquarter in Geneva.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION

Improvement of workers: It was established to help improve labour condition of workers
Standard of living: It was established to raised the standard of living World wide.
Promotion of economic and Social stability: It was formed to enhance the promotion of economic and Social stability.
Child Labour: It campaigns against child labour and slavery.
Research: It conducts extensive research in the field of power and vocational training.
Celebrates Workers Day: It celebrates May 1^st of every year as worker’s day World wide.
Representatives: Government employees and workers are directly represented in I.L.O.
Training: It runs technical training courses.
Right of Workers: It encourages most government of the World on the need to respect workers rights, liberties and freedom.
It experts advice developing nations on labour related matters.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.(W.H.O.)

W.H.O. was established in 1948 and has its headquarters in Geneva and regional offices all over the World.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.(W.H.O.)

Training of medical personnel: It was established to assist in training medical personnel.
Method of teaching: To improve the standard of teaching and training in the field of health.
To improve the health sector: To improve the knowledge and standard of health all over the World by sending medical team to countries in need.
To improve nutrition, housing, sanitation, recreation, economic or working condition.
Coordination: To direct and co-ordinate international health work in the World.
Epidemic diseases: To ensure that epidemic and diseases are completely eradicated from the World.
Provision of materials: To provide and materials to developing nations to improve their health facilities.
Disease Monitoring: To respect the outbreak of infectious diseases in one country to other countries of the World.
Drug Administration and Control: It controls the manufacturing and distribution of dangerous drugs.
Creation of Standard: To help in standardizing the quality and dosage of drugs.
Control: To suggest ways of controlling the spread of infections all over the World.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION (F.A.O.)

F.A.O. was established in 1945 and has its headquarter in Rome.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION (F.A.O.)

Production of Food: It is mainly concerned with fighting hunger in the World by helping its members to grow more food.
To improve the production and distribution of agricultural products to all parts of the World.
Provide advice: It improves useful advice on food storage, fertilizer usage and oil erosion.
Relief Materials: The agency sends relief materials in form of food and money to disaster areas.
Credit Facilities: It provides credit facilities to agricultural sector.
Conservation of Natural Resources: It helps in the conservation of natural resources like environment, lakes, and forests and so on.
Provision of technical assistance: This agency sends experts to countries that need assistance of such technocrats.

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)

UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16, 1945. UNESCO has 195 member states and 6 associate members. The organization is based in Paris, with over 50 field offices and many specialized institutes and center throughout the World. UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programmes, which are; Education, Natural Science, Social and Human Sciences, Cultural and Communication and information.

PURPOSE OF THE AGENCY

UNESCO was formed with the purpose of encouraging universal respect for justice, human rights and the fundamental freedoms.
The UNESCO as an international organization must serve the ends and objectives of the United Nations, which in the long perspective are World ends for humanity as a whole.
UNESCO was set up to help to manage natural and earth’s resources like water and water quality, the ocean and promoting science and technology.
It was established to promote basic human rights and focuses on global issues like fighting, discrimination and racism.
To maintain cultural diversity, as well as the protection of cultural heritage.
To promote communication and information worldwide and to empower people through access to information and knowledge.

UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN EMERGENCY FUND (UNICEF)

UNICEF was established on December 11, 1946, with its headquarter located in New York, U.S.A. It works with children in 158 countries.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN EMERGENCY FUND (UNICEF)

To supply drugs and equipment to children who suffers from different kinds of diseases in the World.
It assists in setting up welfare, nutrition and health activities of children in developing countries.
To provide food to children in order to improve their nutrition.
UNICEF works cooperatively with I.L.O.(International Labour Organization) to improve occupational health.
To supply materials and equipment that can help in training of children.
It releases fund in time of emergencies.
It assists W.H.O to train medical personnel in rural areas.

INTERNATIONAL MONETRAY FUND (I.M.F.)

The International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.) was set up after the Second World War, in order to encourage the development of foreign trade. It started operation in 1947 with headquarter in Washington, U.S.A. Presently, it has about 188 member countries.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF INTERNATIONAL MONETRAY FUND (I.M.F.)

To established and stabilize exchange rate among member nations.
To make fund available to members to finance balance of payment deficit.
To make recommendations to members concerning economic policies to be adopted.
To encourage the development of international trade.
To promote cooperation among member countries on financial matters.
To facilities settlement of debts in foreign transactions.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS

List the political parties in the second republic
Give 5 contributions of the NPP
Mention 5 features of the McPherson constitution
What were the weaknesses of the McPherson constitution?

THEORY

Give 4 purposes of the specialized agencies of U.N.O
State 4 functions of the Economic and Social Council of U.N.O.