VEGETATION OF NIGERIA The vegetation of Nigeria can be grouped into three major zones and these are: Forest zone/vegetation: This zone contains mainly trees and it is sub-divided into (a) Mangrove swamp forest: Salt and fresh water swamp. (b) Rain forest Savanna zone/vegetation: This zone is made up of mainly grasses and it is further […]
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Climate is the average weather condition of the atmosphere over a long period of time usually about 30-35years. FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE Latitude Altitude Distance from the sea Ocean currents etc. Elements of climate Temperature Rainfall Wind Relative humidity Pressure Cloud cover Sunshine (i) Temperature: It is the degree of hotness and coldness of a
TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA Transportation is defined as the movement of people, goods and commodities from one place to another either by land, water or by air. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION LAND TRANSPORT: This is the movement of people and goods from one place to another by land. Means of transportation by land include: Human portage: This
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Distance on a map is the interval between two points on a map. It can either be straight or curved. MEASUREMENT OF STRAIGHT DISTANCES (i) Locate the places involved on the map. (ii) Use long ruler to measure the distance between the two points or places. (iii) Relate the distance measured on the map to
Map reading aspect of geography is often referred to as Practical Geography. Map work or map reading involves the ability to recognize conventional signs on a map and using the signs to interpret the map. A map is a representation of the earth’s surface as it is seen from above on a paper. A large
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Environment is defined as the total surrounding or medium of any organism in a given area. This include the physical surroundings, climatic factors and other living organisms in that surrounding. SPHERES OF THE ENVIRONMENT The earth as an environment is grouped into four spheres: Lithosphere: The solid portion of the environment which contains rocks, sand,
Weather is defined as the condition of the atmosphere of a place at a certain time or within a short period. The weather of a place is always very brief and changes regularly e.g. the weather of a day could be sunny, rainy or cloudy etc. The climate is defined as the average atmospheric condition
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A plain is an extensive area of level or gentle undulating land, usually a few meters above the sea-level. Types of Plains (i) Structural Plain (ii) Erosional Plain (iii) Depositional Plain (1) Structural Plains Mode of Formation: These are relatively undisturbed horizontal surface of the earth, formed by bedded sedimentary rocks. Examples include the Russian
Plateaux are elevated uplands. They have extensive flat or level surfaces which usually descend sharply to the surrounding lowland. It has gentle slope. They are often referred to as table lands because of their flat or level surfaces. Plateaus are tabular in shape, steep-sided with rough and irregular surface. They have narrow valleys and sometimes
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A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics. In
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LOCATION OF NIGERIA Nigeria is located between 4 0 N and 14 0 N of the Equator, and between 30E and 150 E of the Greenwich Meridian. Note that since Nigeria is located between Latitudes 40 N and 14 0 N, the latitudinal extent of Nigeria is 10 0 i.e. 15 0 – 4 0,
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Relief refers to the surface features of the land above the sea level. The relief of Nigeria can be grouped into two main classes. These are lowlands and highlands. LOWLANDS These are areas below 300m above the sea level. Areas of lowlands in Nigeria include the following. (i) The Sokoto Plain (200 – 300m) (ii)
INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY: MEANING, SCOPE AND VALUE MEANING OF GEOGRAPHY The word Geography is derived from the Greek word ‘Geo’ meaning the earth, and ‘graph’ which means description. Geography can therefore be defined as the description of the earth. However, Geography does not only describe the surface of the earth and its features. It also
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MEANING OF LATITUDE Latitude is an angular distance of a point on earth’s surface measured in degrees from the centre of the earth. Latitude is parallel to the equator .Equator divides the earth into two equal halves known as Northern & southern hemisphere. Lines of latitude are sometimes called parallel of latitude. IMPORTANT LINES
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Solar system is the description of the position of the earth and other planets in relation to the sun. The solar system comprises of the sun and the nine planets. All the planets revolve round the sun in “elliptical orbits”. The Universe The universe is made up of many heavenly bodies, group of stars
Calculation of distance using lines of latitude Procedures: locate the two places involved find the latitude difference between the two places Note: North-North= subtract North-South= add South-North= add Equator-North= add or subtract Equator-South= add or subtract multiply the latitude difference by 111km 1°=111km( 1° of latitude is approx. 111km on land) Example 1
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A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics.
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The earth crust consists of rocks. A rock is any mineral material of the earth. It may be a combination of different mineral element such as silica which contains silicon and oxygen. All the rocks differ from one another in texture, structure, colour, permeability, mode of occurrence and degree of resistance to denudation. Types
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The internal structure of the earth is made up of three concentric layers which are (a) The crust (Lithosphere) (b) The mantle (Mesosphere) (c) The core (Barysphere) The Crust This is subdivided into upper and lower crust. The upper crust consists of granite rocks and forms the continent. The main minerals here are silica
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Mountains are great elevated land surfaces resulting from intense action of internal forces. They have steep slopes and show distinct peaks. Mountains are classified according to their mode of formation, resulting in four major types of mountains. These are (i) Fold mountain (ii) Block Mountain (iii) Volcanic Mountain (iv) Residual mountain (a) Fold Mountains Characteristics:
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